We argue that fire safety and safety margins are emergent properties of socio-technical systems that need to be managed rather than verified. Due to increasing complexity in buildings, infrastructures, technical systems and society in general, we argue that traditional fire safety science based on natural science principles alone is severely limited. We restrict our discussion to novel buildings in the sense of lack of similar constructions with relevant long term experience. The aim is to explore the scientific efforts that have been made to advocate principles for dimensioning fire safety arrangements in buildings. This article discusses how the concepts of safety level and safety margin have been approached in recognized peer-reviewed journals within the field of fire safety science.
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